As a result of human activities, Metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to uptake contaminants and can potentially be used to remediate metal-contaminated sites. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the phytoextraction and phytostabilization potential of two plant species (Populus alba and Morus alba) for some elements. Thus, Cd (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg), Cr (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) and Ni (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) were added to the soil, shoots and roots of studied species. Associated soil samples were collected and analyzed by measurement of total concentration of Cd, Cr and Ni and then bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) calculated for each element. Our results show that none of the plants were suitable for phytostabilization of studied elements with root BCF<1 and TF> 1. In addition, Populus alba with the shoot BCF> 1 for Cd in all studied treatments and Ni in 240 and 480 mg/kg treatments were suitable for phytoextraction while Morus alba was suitable for phytoextraction of Ni with the shoot BCF> 1 in all studied treatments.

Antioxidant activity of Berry (Morus alba var. nigra) was investigated. For superoxide anion radical assay, the superoxide anion radicals were generated by a pyrogallol auto oxidation system, Nitric oxide radical inhibition by the use of Griess Illosvoy reaction and reducing power was determined according to the Oyaizu method. At least this sample was represented a potential antioxidant capacity that was increased with increase in concentration of extract.

The effects of age and growth phase on micropropagation of Prunus avium was investigated. Axillary and apical buds of 4 genotypes of Prunus avium collected in winter from north forests of Iran and cultured on DKW medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA and IBA. All of the trees were in adult phase at approximate ages of 45, 100, 100 and 150 years. Shoot proliferation and elongation, vitrification and rooting were investigated. Genotype of the trees strongly influenced shooting and rooting ability and vitrification of the explants, while age of the plants did not play an important role. The best hormone concentration for shooting was I to 2 mg/L BA. The oldest tree showed the highest multiplication rate. Lower concentrations of BA were more suitable for shoot elongation. Genotype 3 (100-year-old tree) showed the highest rooting percentage. Genotype 4 showed the lowest percentage of vitrification and the lowest number of vitrified shoot was observed on DKW medium .Although there are significant differences between different genotypes but it seems that this propagation method can be used for all different genotypes of adult and juvenile Prunus avium plants.

Background & Aim: Applications of synthetic antioxidant in food have side effects. In present study, the antioxidant potential of Morus alba leaves, as natural antioxidant, was screened with cupric ion reducing assay (CUPRAC assay) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to determine the total antioxidant activity ofMorus alba leaves.Martial & Methods: The first, total antioxidant activity of Morus alba leaves was determined in two phase; water and methanol extracts by CUPRAC assay and compared with Rosmarinus officinals extract as positive control. In second step, methanol extract of Morus alba leaves was evaluated by lipid peroxidation inhibition of lipids in egg-yolk. CuSo 4 induced this lipid peroxidation.Results & Discussion: In CUPRAC assay, Morus alba leaves have antioxidant activity more Rosmarinus officinals. In addition, the methanol extracts ofMorus alba leaves can inhibit lipid peroxidation of lipid in egg yolk.There was significant difference (p£0.05) between groups.Conclusion: Our results indicated that Morus alba leaves are a good source of natural antioxidants.

Metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems resulting from human activity. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to uptake contaminants and can potentially be used to remediate metal-contaminated sites. The present study investigates heavy metal uptake (Cd, Cr, and Ni) from soil by different organs of Populus alba and Morus alba. For this purpose, Cd (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg), Cr (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) and Ni (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) were added to the soil in pot experiments over the course of a growing season in open air. The total concentration of these metals was measured in the roots, stems, green leaves, fallen leaves, and the corresponding soil. Our results show that the highest accumulation of all studied metals was found in the leaves. Furthermore, the fallen leaves had higher concentrations of Cd and Cr in P. alba and Cr and Ni in M. alba when compared to the green leaves. In the two species, Cd and Ni did not transport from the leaves to the roots and stems, or vice versa, in the fall season, but Cr was transported from the roots and stems to the leaves in the 240 and 480 mg/kg treatments. In addition, the determination of a bio concentration factor and a translocation factor showed that P. alba and M. alba were suitable for phytoextraction of Cd and Ni in all treatments respectively; however, none of the plants was suitable for phytostabilization.

In this study the researchers, compared physicochemical properties and juice clarification processes of two native varieties of Iranian White mulberry name Bukharaei (seedless) and Mikhce. Two varieties of berries, about the same age were selected from two trees in the garden adjacent to each other. Therefore, the same climatic conditions, irrigation and soil fertilization were considered. The results of this study showed that Bukharaei varieties of mulberries had higher moisture, sugar, pH and Brix but less acidity and minerals compared with others while the taste of Bukharaei varieties was better. Comparison of some clarifiers such as Silicasol, Bentonit, Tannic acid, Pectinase and a-amylase, showed that tannic acid could remove haze and turbidity of white mulberry juice significantly. Combination of enzymes -clarifier aid and correcting acidity can be an effective optimization method to clarifying of white mulberry berries juice.

Introduction: Pollution can be defined as an undesirablechange in the physical, chemical or biologicalcharacteristics of the air, water or land that canaffect health, survival or activities of humans orother organisms. Air pollution is the biggest environmental problem in whole of the world that industrialization and increasing in number of city cause to increasing of its intensity. Tehran, one of the heavily-populated capitals and air pollution is known one of the environment problems for Tehran citizens during past recent century so this city today''s is known one the pollutant city in the world. Some factors such as Tehran topography and climatology, population growth (more than 10 million person), increase in the number of motor vehicles (more than two million vehicles) as well as industrial expansion, cause to intensify of air pollution in this city. Also this city is a greatest industrial city in Iran andthere are some Power plant, Refinery and chemical plants in it. In fact the important reason for Tehran air pollution is irregular consumption fuel fossil particular gasoline.